Deflection circuit



Feb. 9, 1960 D. A. PAYNTER 2,924,744

DEFLECTION CIRCUIT Filed Sept. 8, 1955 FIGQI.

HIGH VOLTAGE SOURCE SOURCE f INVENTORI DONALD A. PAYNTER HIS ATTORNEY.

SOURCE Pa ented Feb- 9, 1960 f-Figure 1 illustrates a deflection circuit embodying the principles of this invention wherein a P-NP type of transistor is used in a grounded base configuration;

2,924,744 Figure 2 is comprised of a series of waveforms useful DEFLECTION CIRCUIT v 5 in explaining theoperation of the various embodiments shown in the other figures of the drawings;

o. Donald A. Payntcr, Syracuse, N.Y., assignor to General Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of this invention Electric Company, a corporation of New York wherein a P-N-P type of transistor is used in a grounded emitter configuration; and Apphcamm September 533200 10 Figures 4 and 5 are similar to Figure? and illustrate r 11 Claims. (Cl. 315-27) v diflerent ways of overcoming any high impedance in the 1 control sources.

In Figure 1, a source 2 of current having voltage waves I .shaped such as indicated by the wave 4 is connected to This invention relates to an improved deflection cirr n ls 6 and A transistor in this c cuit that uses a semiconductor device having an emitter, yp t nsist is ged o have its emitter electrode a collector and a base connection. 1 v 12' connected to the terminal 6, its baseelectrode 14 con- An object of the invention is to provide a deflection ncc-tedto the terminal 8 and its collector electrode 16 circuit that is more eflicient. connected to theupper end of a deflection yoke 18; A It is another object of the invention to provide an im- 2o pd -t terminal of source f direct current g proved deflection circuit that uses fewer component parts. here shown a e y is connected to the base In deflection circuits employing vacuu tube one electrode 14 and thenegative terminal is connected to tube called a driver provides a deflection current through the lower end the yek'e' A capacitor 22 is i the yoke during one portion of the defl eti cycle and nected inparallel with the yoke 18 and is-of such value another tube, called a damper, regulates the current flow- 25 a to mak th yoke '18 r s na t at a frequency whi h g through the deflection yoke during another orti it has a half cycle duration equal to or less than the blankof the cycle. v ing period which, aswill be explained hereinafter, lasts In accordance with another feature of this invention, ng the negative Pulses 24 0f the Waveform If the the current through the deflection yoke may be provided eY capacitance of the ciiellit in Parallel Withthe y or regulated by a single semiconductor device. 18 is. suflicient to produce such resonance, then the The following cycle of operations exists in both the rieapei-eitiol zzzmay be omittedprior art deflection circuits as well as the one which is i Iii y apliiieatiehsrit Wiiihot be desired that high the subject of this invention. When there is no current voltage y. he Obtained from t- W in the deflection yoke, the beam is generally directed ever, if desired, high-voltage may be obtained by pro-' toward the center of the screen. The current through Vidill eoiis and Which are magnetically pl the yoke increases to a maximum value in one direction, .i-to'theiyoke and y rectifying, as y a diode the i so as to shift the beam to one extreme position and then Voltage induced y the Y 18 hi the coils 26 rapidly decreases through zero to a maximum value in 'Aieapaeitor 3 ahd airesistet 34 are connected in P the other di e tio The th current gradfially d .Qlel" between the diode 30 and one end of the coil 28 so creases until a zero current condition is again'obtained. 40:33 to term a complete circuit and t0 filter out y The cycle of operation i then repeated, desiredripple. If need be, a transformer may serve to In accordance with this invention, the current through i t p the Output of the transistor device to h Y the deflection yoke during the later portion of the de- Valid/01" thehigh' voitageyieeeveiihg cil'ellitflection is provided by transistor action and is then abi 'We turii HOW to the vVMiOlJS W v m own in ruptly out 01f. The amount of energy tored in the mag- Figure 2 for an explanation of the operation of the cirnetic field produced by the yoke is proportional to the. i Chit Shown in Figure The Wave A Of Figure 2 eeriesquare of the current so that it has a maximum value p to the Wave 4 of Figure 1 Wili'be gjust before the current supply is out off. The yoke and nized by those skilled in the art, the wave A represents its associated circuitry form a resonant circuit which goes i thevoltageof the terminal 6 with respect to the terminal into oscillation when the current supply ceases. During The dotted line 35 indicates Point at Which the the first half cycle of oscillation, the polarity of the eovoltage applied to the emitter electrode 12 of Figure 1 voltage across the transistor output terminals is the same cuts, on the emitter current. As indicated by the wave B as before, but during the next half cycle of oscillation of Figure 2', the cutting 01f of the emitter current causes the polarity reverses. The circuit connections to the the. yoke 18 to go into. oscillation in such polarity as to transistor are such that the reversal in polarity. causes a i make thetupper end of the' yoke negative. The oscillareversal of the direction of current flow through the yoke tion is of such frequency that a half cycle 37 takes place and a portion of the transistor. Hence, the current in during the ne gative pulse '38 of the wave A.' After a the yoke changes from a maximum value of one dir .,iquart er cycle of oscillation, the upper end of the yoke 13 0 tion to a maximum value in the other and the electron starts in a positive "direction and when it is sufliciently beam is shifted from one extreme point of deflection to fpo'sitive to makefthe collector electrode 16 positive with the other. If it were not for the damping provided by 60. respect to the positive terminal of the battery 20, the the current flow through a portion of the transistor, the collector,electrode 16 and the base electrode 14 now act yoke would continue to oscillate, but with the proper as alow resistance diode. Under this condition, collector damping the current in the yoke gradually diminishes so current will flow regardless of the emitter bias as the that the beam is permitted to return at a uniform rate "collector16 isnowbias'ed in the forward direction. The to the center of deflection. At this point transistor action voltage drop across thisdiode, that is between the colis again resumed and the cycle of operation is repeated. i Qlector electrodeloand the base electrode 1-4, isso small The manner in which the above objectives, advantages with respectto the voltage E of the battery 20 that the and features of this invention may be attained in accord- (upper end of the, yoke 18 may be considered to be pracance with the principles of this invention will be better 'tic'ally con'ne'ctedto the positive terminal of the battery understood after detailed consideration of the drawings 20...,If 'the resistance between the collector 16'andthe in which: base 'electrode'14 during this portion of the cycle were a a -W e 2 not so small, the voltage at the upper end of the yoke 18 1 I would rise to a high positive value. the upper end of the yoke 18 is only slightly above the potential of the positive terminal of the battery 20, that is to say in theorder of half of a volt. The current through the diode formed by the collector electrode 16 and the base electrode 14 is supplied by the decaying magnetic field of the yoke 18. At the approximate center of deflection, the rate of decay of the magnetic field of the yoke 18 is so small that the collector electrode 16 is no longer positive with respect to the base electrode 14. At this point the device operates as a transistor and a low resistance connection is established between the collector 16 and the emitter 12. If the impedance of the source 2 is sufiiciently low, the upper end of the yoke 18 is eflectively connected to the positive terminal of the battery 20. Hence, the current through the yoke 1$ now flows in the opposite direction. The rate of change of current through the yoke and,'hence, the rate of deflection is substantially the same for both directions of current flow because, as is well known to those skilled in the art, the rate of change of the current times the inductance of the yoke equals the voltage across it and this voltage is the same as the voltage across the battery 20. During one portion of the deflection cycle, the current through the yoke 18 is supplied by its decaying magnetic field and the battery 20 acts as a regulator and during the other portion of the deflection cycle, the yoke current is supplied by the battery.

The variations in yoke current are shown in the wave form C. A dotted line 40 indicates the point at which the collector electrode 16 is no longer positive with respect to the base electrode 14. During the first half of the deflection cycle, i.e., to the left of the dotted line 40, the voltage produced by the decaying magnetic field of the yoke is, as previously mentioned, slightly greater than the voltage of the battery 20 so that the current through the yoke changes at a slightly greater rate than during the second half of the deflection cycle, i.e., to the right of the dotted line 40 when the voltage applied to the yoke must be slightly less than the voltage of the battery 20. This slight change in voltage in the waveform B and the slight change of current in the waveform C might at first be thought to indicate a marked degree of nonlinearity. However, in practice these changes are so slight as to be hardly noticeable and are shown in the waveforms out of true proportion so that a better understanding of the operation may be obtained.

During the portion of the cycle to the left of the dotted line 40, the emitter 12 does not need to be operative as all the yoke current is being supplied by the decaying magnetic field and, therefore, no voltage need be applied to it. In order to conserve power which would otherwise be consumed between the emitter 12 and the base electrode 14, the voltage applied to the emitter may be as shown in the waveforms D, E or F of Figure2.

However, during the portion of the cycle to the right of the dotted line 40, the semiconductor device operates as a transistor and it is desirable that the transistor be saturated in order that it form a low resistance connection between the upper end of the yoke 18 and the battery 20. Therefore, during this portion of the cycle the emitter 12 need only supply as many or more carriers than the collector 16 can absorb. Any carriers in excess of this amount flow to the base electrode 14 and cause needless internal losses. Maximum efliciency can be attained if the voltage wave supplied by the source 2 is as shown in the waveform D, as this will cause the transistor to operate at the point of saturation during the right hand portion of the cycle. The voltage supplied by the source 2 may also be shaped as shown in the waveform E and F. Whereas these latter wave forms may be somewhat less efficient from a power standpoint, they may be easier to obtain in a given environment.

In Figure 3, a source 42 suppliesa voltage or current As it is, however,

is also possible to reduce the apparent impedance of these wave '44 to a base electrode 46 of a semiconductor device 47. Theother side of the source is connected to an emitter electrode 48. The" upper end of a yoke 50 is connected to a collector electrode 52. The negative terminal of a battery 49, or other suitable source of fixed potential, is connected to the lower end of-the yoke 50 and the positive terminal is connected to the collector electrode 48. If necessary, a' capacitor 51 may be connected in parallel with the yoke 50. Those skilled in the art will recognizethat in this embodiment of the invention the semiconductor device 47 is connected in a grounded emitter configuration and that its operation is similar to .the operation of Figure 1, except that the current flowing as a result of the decay of the magnetic field of the yoke 50 now flows through the source 42, as well as between the collector electrode 52 and the base electrode 46. In Figure 1, only a small portion of this current flowed through the source 2. In Figure 3, however, thejcurrent flows through thesource 42 when the for frequencies in the vicinity of the deflection frequency.

The impedance of the sources 2 and 42 can be made low enough at the deflection frequencies by use of transformers or by use of circuits employing transistors. It

sources by coupling energy from the yokes to the emitter electrode 12 of Figure 1 or to the base electrode 46 of Figure 3. This may be done in various Ways, but one way is illustrated in Figure 4 (Figure 4 being otherwise identical to Figure 3) wherein a winding 54 that is magneticallycoupled to the yoke 54) is connected between the emitter electrode 48 and the base electrode 46. The winding sense .of the winding 54 is such that the energy coupled to the base electrode 46 is regenerative.

If for any reason it is not desired to use the above methods of making source 42 have an effective low impedance, the source may be shunted by a diode 56 as shown in Figure 5. Otherwise Figure 5 is identical to Figure 3. The current flowing as a result of the decay of themagnetic field of the yoke 50 flows through the diode formed by the collector electrode 52 and the base electrode 46 as well as through the diode 56.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that N-P-N type transistors could be substituted for the P-N-P transistors if the polarities of the voltage waves of the sources 2 and 42 and the batteries 20 and 49 are reversed and the diodes 30 and 56 are reversed.

While I have illustrated particular embodiments of my invention, it will of course be understood that I do not wish to be limited thereto, sincevarious modifications, both in the circuit arrangement and in the instrumentalities, may be made and I contemplate by the appended claims to cover any such modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A deflection circuit comprising a semiconductor device having an input electrode, an output electrode and a common electrode, a low impedance source of voltage waves coupled between said input electrode and said common electrode, the voltage wave of said source being of such nature as to substantially cut ed the current flowing therebetween during periodically recurring intervals, at deflection yoke, means for applying a potential between said output electrode and said common electrode, the

.cornmon electrode being biased in a forward direction by a reversal of voltage appearing across said deflection yoke when said semiconductor device is cut off by said low impedance source of voltage .waves.

2.. The'deflection circuit comprising in combination: a semi-conductor device having an emitter electrode, a

base electrode, and a collector electrode; a deflection yoke; a source of fixed electromotive force; means for connecting said yoke and said source in series between said collector electrode and said base electrode so as to apply a fixed potential between said collector electrode and said base electrode, the polarity of said source being such as to bias said collector electrode in a back direction with respect to said base electrode; a control source connected between said emitter electrode and said base electrode, said control source being of such nature as to substantially prevent current flow between said emitter electrode and said base electrode during recurring relatively short intervals and to provide enough current from said emitter electrode to just saturate said collector electrode during approximately half of the time between said short intervals immediately preceding said intervals, said collector electrode and said base electrode being biased in a forward direction by a reversal of voltage appearing across said deflection yoke when said semi-conductor device is cut off by said control source.

3. A deflection circuit comprising in combination: a semi-conductor device having a base electrode, an emitter electrode, and a collector electrode; a deflection yoke; a source of bias potential, said source and said deflection yoke being connected in series between said collector electrode and said emitter electrode, said source of bias potential being polarized in a manner such as to bias said emitter electrode in a forward direction and said collector electrode in a back direction; and a low impedance control source, said control source being adapted to prevent any substantial amount of current from flowing from said emitter during relatively short intervals and to cause said emitter to just saturate said collector electrode for a pre-determined time before each of said intervals, said collector electrode being biased in a forward direction by a reversal of voltage appearing across said deflection yoke when said semi-conductor device is cut off by said low impedance control source.

4. A deflection circuit that is set forth in claim 3 in which a regenerative feed-back circuit is coupled between said collector electrode and said base electrode.

5. A deflection circuit comprising: a semi-conductor device having an input electrode, a common electrode, and an output electrode; a deflection yoke; a source of fixed electromotive force; leads for connecting said yoke and said source in series between said output and common electrodes; and a control source connected between said first and second electrodes for producing an output wave such that during a period of said wave, comprising three intervals of time, during a first interval, current flows from said source to said yoke through the path between said input electrode and output electrode, during the second portion no current flows in said semi-conductor device, and during the third portion current flows from said yoke through the path between said output electrode and said common electrode.

6. The deflection circuit of claim 5 wherein said control source has a low internal impedance.

7. The deflection circuit of claim 6 wherein said control source produces a voltage that is just sufficient to produce saturation between said input and output electrodes during said first interval of time and which at all other times produces a back bias voltage between said input and common electrode.

8. A deflection circuit comprising: a semi-conductor device having first, second, and third electrodes; a source of fixed voltage; a deflection yoke, leads for connecting said yoke and said source in series between said second and third electrodes; and a control source connected between said first and second electrodes for producing an output wave such that during a period of said wave comprising three intervals of time, during one interval current flows between the path between said first and third electrodes, during another interval of time current flows between said second and third electrodes, and during the third interval no current flows between any of said electrodes.

9. The deflection circuit of claim 8 wherein said control source has a low internal impedance.

10. The deflection circuit of claim 9 wherein said control source produces a voltage that is just sufficient to produce saturation between said first and third electrodes during said one interval and produces a back bias voltage at all other times.

11. A deflection circuit of claim 10 wherein said control source produces a voltage that is just sufiicient to produce saturation between said second and third electrodes during said another interval and produces a back bias voltage at all other times.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,728,857 Sziklai Dec. 27, 1955 2,728,876 Varela Dec. 27, 1955 2,747,136 Herzog May 22, 1956 2,760,109 Shade Aug. 21, 1956 2,794,076 Shea May 28, 1957 2,886,740 Finkelstein May 12, 1959 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,086,824 France Aug. 18, 1954 OTHER REFERENCES Sziklai, G. (3.: Transistor Circuits and Applications, Electronic Engineering, vol. 25, September 1953, page 361.

Lohman, Robert D.: Complementary Symmetry- Transistor Circuits, Electronics, September 1953, page 143.

Herzog et al.: Transistorized Portable Receiver. Radio-Electronics, January 1955, pages 43 to 45. 

